一 | 资料图虽然Google在推出该计划之前不需要FEC的批准，但它在今年夏天早些时候寻求投票以确保该计划不存在违反现行选举法规的风险。
二 | 在周四的裁决中，FEC会确认，Google的计划是合法的。 Bucyibaruta, 78, was found guilty of complicity in the massacres of nearly 1 million people in 1994 by the Hutu Power movement.,In particular, he was found responsible for leading thousands of Tutsis to take refuge in the Murambi Technical School, promising that French troops there would protect them from the violence. Instead, the refugees were denied food and water for days. The weakened refugees defended themselves with rocks for several days, but were overrun on April 21, 1994, when the French troops disappeared. At least 20,000 Tutsis were executed at the school, while those who escaped were found and killed at a nearby church a few days later.,The school is now a memorial and museum about the genocide, which ended that summer, roughly 100 days after it began, when the Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) led by now-President Paul Kagame overthrew the Hutu Power government.,The French court also looked at Bucyibaruta's responsibility for another smaller massacre at a school in Kibeho, and the execution of several Tutsi prisoners in Gikongoro prison. In the trial, the former prefect denied all responsibility or connection, saying he “was never on the side of the killers.”,Bucyibaruta is the highest-ranking Rwandan official who has been taken to trial in France in connection with the genocide. In May, Protais Mpiranya, who was commander of the Rwandan presidential guard at the time of the genocide and played a key role in drawing up and executing the “kill lists” of officials during its initial stages, was found to have died in Zimbabwe in 2006, where he hid under a false name.,The killing was the product of decades of divide-and-rule colonial policy by German and then Belgian rulers, and continued by France after Rwanda gained independence in 1960. The teachings pitted the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups against each other, with Hutus being taught that the Tutsis were invaders occupying their land. The Hutu Power ideology elevated this attitude to genocidal proportions, and after then-Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana’s aircraft was shot down on April 6, 1994, his Hutu allies sprung into action, blaming Tutsis as well as moderate Hutus for the attack.,Roughly 10,000 Twa people, a separate ethnic group, were also killed in the genocide, amounting to one-third of the Twa population.,In February, a French court blocked an attempt by families of the victims of the crash to reopen an investigation that had ended inconclusively. The crash also killed Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira; both men were Hutus.,In May 2021, French President Emmanuel Macron met with Kagame in Kigali, but while he did not apologize for France’s support for the Rwandan government at the start of the genocide, he did acknowledge “the magnitude of our responsibilities.”,Two other French reports from earlier that year found the government of then-French President Francois Mitterrand bore “overwhelming responsibilities” for the genocide for continuing its divide-and-rule tactics while being fully aware of Hutu preparations for a genocide of Tutsis, as well as arming, advising and protecting the Hutu-led Rwandan government.,After the Hutu government was overthrown in July 1994, its remnants fled across the western border into Zaire, and soon began mounting new attacks. When the Rwandan military, now Tutsi-led, intervened in Zaire to hunt down the Hutu militias, it helped set in motion the destruction of Zaire, the foundation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the decadelong Congo Wars that drew in half of Africa and killed more than 5 million people.,The present-day tensions between DR Congo and Rwanda over militia groups in Congo’s North Kivu Province is part of the continued fallout of that conflict, with Kigali claiming that Kinshasa backs the Hutu Power group Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) and Kinshasa saying Kigali backs the Tutsi M23 militia that is fighting them.。委员Ellen L. Weintraub在FTC周四的公开会议上说道：“我很难绕过这样一个事实，即这是提供给政治委员会的独特利益，而且只有政治委员会。”由于该计划的排他性，Weintraub将其比喻为Google向政治团体提供自己的“实物”捐助。Google宣布其政治过滤计划后不久，最近的一项研究发现，跟民主党立法者和候选人的电子邮件相比，该公司将共和党的筹款电子邮件不成比例地标记为垃圾邮件。这项研究激怒了美国共和党、激发了一系列批评声明并邀请Google首席法律官Kent Walker在国会山的一次私人会议上解释该公司的过滤决定。Google发言人José Castañeda周四在给The Verge的一份声明中说道：“我们在这个试点项目中的目标是评估解决来自批量发送者的担忧的其他方法，同时让用户明确控制他们的收件箱以减少不需要的电子邮件。随着试点工作的展开，我们将继续监测反馈，以确保它达到目标。”尽管提出了这个建议作为一种让步，但Google对该研究的结果提出了异议，称研究人员检查了一个小规模的电子邮件样本，且并没有考虑到竞选活动是否使用了服务中已经提供的适当的批量电子邮件工具。但Google的解释无法改变那些在本周期内努力实现其在线筹款目标的共和党人的想法。《纽约时报》上月报道，跟第一季度相比，第二季度捐赠给共和党实体和联邦竞选活动的总金额下降了12%以上。这种下降是非常不寻常的，尤其是随着选举的临近，小额捐款传统上会增加。这种筹款的下降加上有争议的过滤研究在夏天激起了共和党人的狂热。参议员John Thune和其他近二十名共和党人提出了一项法案--禁止Google等电子邮件供应商用算法对联邦竞选邮件进行分类。在《华盛顿邮报》本月早些时候获得的一份备忘录草案中，美国全国共和党参议员委员会认为，“Google及其算法将明显的优势交给了民主党的筹款努力，并导致共和党人筹集的资金比他们应该筹集的少了数百万美元”。等到Google向FEC提出要求对其合法性作出决定，该委员会就将该计划开放给公众评论。在提交给该委员会的数百条评论中，几乎所有的评论都是负面的。民主党全国委员会(DNC)认为，Google的提议将是共和党人的福音，另外还为“滥用筹款策略”打开Gmail。“可悲的是，共和党人没有简单地停止发送垃圾邮件，而是参与了一场恶意的施压活动--更不幸的是，Google买下了它，”DNC副通信主管Danie Wessel曾在6月对The Verge说道。前总统唐纳德·特朗普的竞选团队因在其筹款邮件中使用垃圾邮件策略而受到抨击，他们经常使用误导性的主题词或模仿选民可能通过互联网与朋友和家人的对话。周二，宾夕法尼亚州美国参议院共和党候选人Mehmet Oz博士因在本周早些时候联邦调查局搜查特朗普的Mar-a-Lago住宅后仅数小时向支持者发送了一封主题为“FBI RAID - BREAKING INFORMATION”的竞选筹款电子邮件而受到抨击。随着FEC周四的决定，Google将很快允许像Oz这样的竞选活动申请该计划并确保他们的电子邮件--尽管使用类似垃圾邮件的方法和语言也不会从用户的收件箱中被过滤掉。
Current article:http://zr4m9pc.senbatuqiuzhuanlanrilao.sbs/y6i/20260826/43733.html
Published on:00:00:00
